不同污染程度下树种滞尘能力与叶表微形态关系研究

王军梦; 汪安印; 王翼飞; 贺 丹; 李永华; 董娜琳

文章摘要

王军梦,汪安印,王翼飞,贺丹,李永华,董娜琳.不同污染程度下树种滞尘能力与叶表微形态关系研究[J].林业调查规划,2022,(5):16-21

不同污染程度下树种滞尘能力与叶表微形态关系研究

Relationship between Dust Retention Ability of Tree Species and Leaf Surface Micromorphology under Different Pollution Levels

DOI：

中文关键词: 滞尘能力叶表微形态颗粒物滞留量污染程度

英文关键词: dust retention capacity leaf surface micromorphology particulate matter retention pollution level

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31600579）；河南省科技攻关项目（212102110185）.

作者	单位
王军梦	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002
汪安印	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002
王翼飞	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002
贺丹	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002
李永华	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002
董娜琳	河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南郑州 450002

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中文摘要:

为筛选出适合郑州市种植的滞尘能力强的园林绿化树种，提升城市绿化植物的滞尘能力,应用分级滤膜过滤法，测定郑州市3个不同污染程度下的5种园林绿化树种单位叶面积滞留的不同粒径颗粒物(TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5)含量，并通过超景深光学显微镜观察5种园林树种叶表面微结构和颗粒物分布。结果表明，滞尘能力最强的树种为枇杷和石楠，滞尘能力最弱的树种为海桐，石楠滞留PM₁₀和PM_2.5的能力很强，大叶黄杨对大颗粒物(TSP)滞留能力更显著。同种植物在不同污染程度下的颗粒物滞留量不同，树种的颗粒物滞留量随污染程度增加而增加。叶表粗糙，毛状体数量多，叶片沟槽和中脉明显的树种其滞尘能力强，而叶表光滑无毛，叶片平整的树种滞尘能力较弱。叶表颗粒物主要分布在中脉或中脉周围，远离中脉区域则颗粒物滞留量较少或颗粒物分布较分散。根据不同污染程度下5种树种的单位叶面积滞尘量和叶表面形态结构，得出滞尘能力较强的树种为枇杷和石楠。

英文摘要:

In order to screen out landscaping tree species with strong dust retention capacity suitable for planting in Zhengzhou City, and to improve the dust retention capacity of urban green plants, the membrane filtration method was applied to determine the content of particles of different particle sizes (TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5) retained per unit leaf area of 5 tree species under 3 different pollution levels, and the microstructure and particle distribution of the leaf surface of 5 tree species were observed through the ultra-depth-of-field optical microscope. The results showed that Eriobotrya japonica and Photinia serrulate had the strongest dust retention capacity, and Pittosporum tobira was the weakest. Photinia serrulate had a strong ability to retain PM₁₀and PM_2.5, and Euonymus japonicus had a strong effect on total suspended particulate (TSP). The particulate matter retention of the same plant was different under different pollution levels, and the particulate matter retention of tree species increased with the pollution levels. Tree species with rough leaf surface, large number of trichomes, and obvious leaf grooves and midribs had strong dust retention ability, while tree species with smooth leaf surface and flat leaves had weak dust retention ability. The leaf surface particles were mainly distributed on or around the midrib, while the area far away from the midrib had less particle retention or more dispersed particle distribution. Integrating the dust retention per unit leaf area and leaf surface morphology of 5 tree species under different pollution levels, this paper concluded that the tree species with strong dust retention capacity were Eriobotrya japonica and Photinia serrulate.

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